Node.js是一個(gè)基于Chrome V8引擎的JavaScript運(yùn)行環(huán)境，通常用于創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序。它可以同時(shí)處理多個(gè)連接，并且不像其他大多數(shù)模型那樣依賴線程。

對(duì)于 Web 開發(fā)者來說，從數(shù)據(jù)庫或Web服務(wù)器獲取數(shù)據(jù)，然后輸出到Excel文件以進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步分析的場景時(shí)有發(fā)生。我們的技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)在跟國內(nèi)外各行各業(yè)用戶交流的過程中，就曾發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多的用戶嘗試在Node.js的環(huán)境下運(yùn)行SpreadJS 純前端表格控件，借助該控件，可以在服務(wù)器不預(yù)裝任何Excel依賴項(xiàng)的情況下，收集用戶輸入的信息，并將其自動(dòng)導(dǎo)出到Excel文件中。

為了滿足廣大技術(shù)愛好者的需要，同時(shí)減少大家在未來技術(shù)選型方面所走的彎路，本文將就SpreadJS 與 Node.js之間的技術(shù)性方案進(jìn)行探討！

SpreadJS結(jié)合40余年專業(yè)控件技術(shù)和在電子表格應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)驗(yàn)而推出的純前端表格控件，基于 HTML5，兼容 450 多種 Excel 公式，具備“高性能、跨平臺(tái)、與 Excel 高度兼容”的產(chǎn)品特性，備受華為、明源云、遠(yuǎn)光軟件等知名企業(yè)青睞，被中國軟件行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)認(rèn)定為“中國優(yōu)秀軟件產(chǎn)品”。SpreadJS在界面和功能上與 Excel 高度類似，但又不局限于 Excel，而是為企業(yè)信息化系統(tǒng)提供 表格文檔協(xié)同編輯、 數(shù)據(jù)填報(bào) 和 類 Excel 報(bào)表設(shè)計(jì) 的應(yīng)用場景支持，極大降低了企業(yè)研發(fā)成本和項(xiàng)目交付風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

獲取SpreadJS最新正式版下載

安裝SpreadJS和Node.js

首先，我們需要安裝Node.js以及Mock-Browser，BufferJS和FileReader，大家可以前往以下鏈接進(jìn)行下載，同步操作：

我們將使用Visual Studio創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用程序。打開Visual Studio后，使用JavaScript> Node.js>Blank Node.js控制臺(tái)應(yīng)用程序模板創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新應(yīng)用程序。這將自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建所需的文件并打開“ app.js”文件，也是我們將要更改的唯一文件。

對(duì)于BufferJS庫，您需要下載該軟件包，然后通過導(dǎo)航到項(xiàng)目文件夾（一旦創(chuàng)建）并運(yùn)行以下命令，將其手動(dòng)安裝到項(xiàng)目中：

 安裝完成后，您可能需要打開項(xiàng)目的package.json文件并將其添加到“ dependencies”部分。文件內(nèi)容應(yīng)如下所示：

{
"name": "spread-sheets-node-jsapp",
"version": "0.0.0",
"description": "SpreadSheetsNodeJSApp",
"main": "app.js",
"author": {
"name": "admin"
},
"dependencies": {
"FileReader": "^0.10.2",
"bufferjs": "1.0.0",
"mock-browser": "^0.92.14"
}
}

在此示例中，我們將使用Node.js的文件系統(tǒng)模塊。我們可以將其加載到：

var fs = require('fs')

為了將SpreadJS與Node.js結(jié)合使用，我們還需要加載已安裝的Mock-Browser：

var mockBrowser =require('mock-browser').mocks.MockBrowser

在加載SpreadJS腳本之前，我們需要初始化模擬瀏覽器。初始化我們稍后在應(yīng)用程序中可能需要使用的變量，尤其是“ window”變量：

global.window =mockBrowser.createWindow()
global.document = window.document
global.navigator = window.navigator
global.HTMLCollection =window.HTMLCollection
global.getComputedStyle =window.getComputedStyle

初始化FileReader庫：

var fileReader = require('filereader');
global.FileReader = fileReader;

使用SpreadJS npm包

將SpreadJS安裝文件中的SpreadJS Sheets和ExcelIO包添加到項(xiàng)目中。

您可以通過右鍵單擊解決方案資源管理器的“ npm”部分并將它們添加到您的項(xiàng)目中，然后選擇“安裝新的NPM軟件包”。您應(yīng)該能夠搜索“ GrapeCity”并安裝以下2個(gè)軟件包：

@grapecity/spread-sheets
@grapectiy/spread-excelio

將SpreadJS npm軟件包添加到項(xiàng)目后，正確的依賴關(guān)系將被寫入package.json：

{
"name": "spread-sheets-node-jsapp",
"version": "0.0.0",
"description": "SpreadSheetsNodeJSApp",
"main": "app.js",
"author": {
"name": "admin"
},
"dependencies":{
"@grapecity/spread-excelio": "^11.2.1",
"@grapecity/spread-sheets": "^11.2.1",
"FileReader": "^0.10.2",
"bufferjs": "1.0.0",
"mock-browser": "^0.92.14"
}
}

現(xiàn)在我們需要在app.js文件中引入它：

var GC =require('@grapecity/spread-sheets')
var GCExcel =require('@grapecity/spread-excelio');

使用npm軟件包時(shí)，還需要設(shè)置許可證密鑰：

GC.Spread.Sheets.LicenseKey ="<YOUR KEY HERE>"

在這個(gè)特定的應(yīng)用程序中，我們將向用戶顯示他們正在使用哪個(gè)版本的SpreadJS。為此，我們可以引入package.json文件，然后引用依賴項(xiàng)以獲取版本號(hào)：

var packageJson =require('./package.json')
console.log('\n** Using Spreadjs Version"' + packageJson.dependencies["@grapecity/spread-sheets"] +'" **')

將Excel文件加載到您的Node.js應(yīng)用程序中

點(diǎn)擊此處，，該文件包含了從用戶那里獲取數(shù)據(jù)。接下來，將數(shù)據(jù)放入文件中并導(dǎo)出。在這種情況下，文件是用戶可以編輯的狀態(tài)。

初始化工作簿和ExcelIO變量：

var wb = new GC.Spread.Sheets.Workbook();
var excelIO = new GCExcel.IO();

我們?cè)谧x取文件時(shí)將代碼包裝在try / catch塊中。然后，初始化變量“ readline”，讓您讀取用戶輸入到控制臺(tái)的數(shù)據(jù)。接下來，我們將其存儲(chǔ)到一個(gè)JavaScript數(shù)組中，以便輕松填寫Excel文件：

// Instantiate the spreadsheet and modifyit
console.log('\nManipulatingSpreadsheet\n---');
try {
var file = fs.readFileSync('./content/billingInvoiceTemplate.xlsx');
excelIO.open(file.buffer, (data) => {
wb.fromJSON(data);
const readline = require('readline');
var invoice = {
generalInfo: [],
invoiceItems: [],
companyDetails: []
};
});
} catch (e) {
console.error("** Error manipulating spreadsheet **");
console.error(e);
}

收集用戶輸入信息

上圖顯示了我們正在使用的Excel文件。我們可以在excelio.open調(diào)用中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)單獨(dú)的函數(shù)，以在控制臺(tái)中提示用戶需要的每一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。我們也可以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)單獨(dú)的數(shù)組，將數(shù)據(jù)保存到每個(gè)輸入后，然后將其推送到我們創(chuàng)建的invoice.generalInfo數(shù)組中：

fillGeneralInformation();
function fillGeneralInformation() {
console.log("-----------------------\nFill in InvoiceDetails\n-----------------------")
const rl = readline.createInterface({
input: process.stdin,
output: process.stdout
});
var generalInfoArray = [];
rl.question('Invoice Number: ', (answer) => {
generalInfoArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Invoice Date (dd Month Year): ', (answer) => {
generalInfoArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Payment Due Date (ddMonth Year): ', (answer) => {
generalInfoArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Customer Name: ',(answer) => {
generalInfoArray.push(answer);
rl.question('CustomerCompany Name: ', (answer) => {
generalInfoArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Customer Street Address:', (answer) => {
generalInfoArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Customer City, State, Zip (<City>, <State Abbr><Zip>): ', (answer) => {
generalInfoArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Invoice Company Name: ', (answer) => {
generalInfoArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Invoice Street Address: ', (answer) => {
generalInfoArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Invoice City, State, Zip (<City>, <State Abbr><Zip>): ', (answer) => {
generalInfoArray.push(answer);
rl.close();
invoice.generalInfo.push({
"invoiceNumber": generalInfoArray[0],
"invoiceDate": generalInfoArray[1],
"paymentDueDate": generalInfoArray[2],
"customerName": generalInfoArray[3],
"customerCompanyName": generalInfoArray[4],
"customerStreetAddress": generalInfoArray[5],
"customerCityStateZip": generalInfoArray[6],
"invoiceCompanyName": generalInfoArray[7],
"invoiceStreetAddress": generalInfoArray[8],
"invoiceCityStateZip": generalInfoArray[9],
});
console.log("General Invoice Information Stored");
fillCompanyDetails();
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
}

該函數(shù)被稱為“ fillCompanyDetails”，目的是收集有關(guān)公司的信息以填充到工作簿的第二張表中：

function fillCompanyDetails() {
console.log("-----------------------\nFill in CompanyDetails\n-----------------------")
const rl = readline.createInterface({
input: process.stdin,
output: process.stdout
});
var companyDetailsArray = []
rl.question('Your Name: ', (answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Company Name: ', (answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Address Line 1: ',(answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Address Line 2: ',(answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Address Line3: ', (answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('AddressLine 4: ', (answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Address Line 5: ', (answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Phone: ', (answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Facsimile: ', (answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Website: ', (answer)=> {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Email: ', (answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Currency Abbreviation: ', (answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Beneficiary: ',(answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Bank: ', (answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Bank Address: ', (answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Account Number: ', (answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('RoutingNumber: ', (answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Make Checks Payable To: ', (answer) => {
companyDetailsArray.push(answer);
rl.close();
invoice.companyDetails.push({
"yourName": companyDetailsArray[0],
"companyName": companyDetailsArray[1],
"addressLine1": companyDetailsArray[2],
"addressLine2": companyDetailsArray[3],
"addressLine3": companyDetailsArray[4],
"addressLine4": companyDetailsArray[5],
"addressLine5": companyDetailsArray[6],
"phone":companyDetailsArray[7],
"facsimile": companyDetailsArray[8],
"website":companyDetailsArray[9],
"email": companyDetailsArray[10],
"currencyAbbreviation":companyDetailsArray[11],
"beneficiary": companyDetailsArray[12],
"bank":companyDetailsArray[13],
"bankAddress": companyDetailsArray[14],
"accountNumber": companyDetailsArray[15],
"routingNumber": companyDetailsArray[16],
"payableTo": companyDetailsArray[17]
});
console.log("Invoice Company Information Stored");
console.log("-----------------------\nFillin Invoice Items\n-----------------------")
fillInvoiceItemsInformation();
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
});
}

現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)有了用戶的基本信息，我們可以集中精力收集單個(gè)項(xiàng)目，并另命名為“ fillInvoiceItemsInformation”函數(shù)。在每個(gè)項(xiàng)目執(zhí)行之前，我們會(huì)詢問用戶是否要添加一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。如果他們繼續(xù)輸入“ y”，那么我們將收集該項(xiàng)目的信息，然后再次詢問直到他們鍵入“ n”：

function fillInvoiceItemsInformation() {
const rl = readline.createInterface({
input: process.stdin,
output: process.stdout
});
var invoiceItemArray = [];
rl.question('Add item?(y/n): ', (answer) => {
switch (answer) {
case "y":
console.log("-----------------------\nEnter ItemInformation\n-----------------------");
rl.question('Quantity: ',(answer) => {
invoiceItemArray.push(answer);
rl.question('Details: ',(answer) => {
invoiceItemArray.push(answer);
rl.question('UnitPrice: ', (answer) => {
invoiceItemArray.push(answer);
invoice.invoiceItems.push({
"quantity":invoiceItemArray[0],
"details": invoiceItemArray[1],
"unitPrice": invoiceItemArray[2]
});
console.log("ItemInformation Added");
rl.close();
fillInvoiceItemsInformation();
});
});
});
break;
case "n":
rl.close();
return fillExcelFile();
break;
default:
console.log("Incorrectoption, Please enter 'y' or 'n'.");
}
});
}

填入您的Excel文件

在收集所有必需的用戶信息后，我們可以將其填入到Excel文件中：

function fillExcelFile() {
console.log("-----------------------\nFilling in Excelfile\n-----------------------");
fillBillingInfo();
fillCompanySetup();
}
function fillBillingInfo() {
var sheet = wb.getSheet(0);
sheet.getCell(0, 2).value(invoice.generalInfo[0].invoiceNumber);
sheet.getCell(1, 1).value(invoice.generalInfo[0].invoiceDate);
sheet.getCell(2, 2).value(invoice.generalInfo[0].paymentDueDate);
sheet.getCell(3, 1).value(invoice.generalInfo[0].customerName);
sheet.getCell(4, 1).value(invoice.generalInfo[0].customerCompanyName);
sheet.getCell(5, 1).value(invoice.generalInfo[0].customerStreetAddress);
sheet.getCell(6, 1).value(invoice.generalInfo[0].customerCityStateZip);
sheet.getCell(3, 3).value(invoice.generalInfo[0].invoiceCompanyName);
sheet.getCell(4, 3).value(invoice.generalInfo[0].invoiceStreetAddress);
sheet.getCell(5, 3).value(invoice.generalInfo[0].invoiceCityStateZip);
}
function fillCompanySetup() {
var sheet = wb.getSheet(1);
sheet.getCell(2, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].yourName);
sheet.getCell(3, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].companyName);
sheet.getCell(4, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].addressLine1);
sheet.getCell(5, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].addressLine2);
sheet.getCell(6, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].addressLine3);
sheet.getCell(7, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].addressLine4);
sheet.getCell(8, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].addressLine5);
sheet.getCell(9, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].phone);
sheet.getCell(10, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].facsimile);
sheet.getCell(11, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].website);
sheet.getCell(12, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].email);
sheet.getCell(13, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].currencyAbbreviation);
sheet.getCell(14, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].beneficiary);
sheet.getCell(15, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].bank);
sheet.getCell(16, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].bankAddress);
sheet.getCell(17, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].accountNumber);
sheet.getCell(18, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].routingNumber);
sheet.getCell(19, 2).value(invoice.companyDetails[0].payableTo);
}

為了防止用戶添加的數(shù)量超過工作表最大行數(shù)，我們可以在工作表中自動(dòng)添加更多行。在設(shè)置數(shù)組中表單中的項(xiàng)目之前，默認(rèn)添加行：

function fillInvoiceItems() {
var sheet = wb.getSheet(0);
var rowsToAdd = 0;
if (invoice.invoiceItems.length > 15) {
rowsToAdd = invoice.invoiceItems.length - 15;
sheet.addRows(22, rowsToAdd);
}
var rowIndex = 8;
if (invoice.invoiceItems.length >= 1) {
for (var i = 0; i < invoice.invoiceItems.length; i++) {
sheet.getCell(rowIndex,1).value(invoice.invoiceItems.quantity);
sheet.getCell(rowIndex,2).value(invoice.invoiceItems.details);
sheet.getCell(rowIndex,3).value(invoice.invoiceItems.unitPrice);
rowIndex++;
}
}
}

將文檔內(nèi)容從Node.js導(dǎo)出到Excel文件

在工作簿中填寫完信息后，我們可以將工作簿導(dǎo)出到Excel文件中。為此，我們將使用excelio打開功能。在這種情況下，只需將日期輸入文件名即可：

function exportExcelFile() {
excelIO.save(wb.toJSON(), (data) => {
fs.appendFileSync('Invoice' + new Date().valueOf() + '.xlsx', newBuffer(data), function (err) {
console.log(err);
});
console.log("Export success");
}, (err) => {
console.log(err);
}, { useArrayBuffer: true });
}

完成的文件將如下所示：

本文內(nèi)容源自